I
hope that with the election (if not the litigation) behind us, the
articles I’m truly interested in will be able to fight their way
through the pandemic news a bit easier.
One
interesting question: Does ethics require data controllers to behave
in ways that are not required by law?
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marco_Almada/publication/344955379_Ethics_in_data_processing_three_compliance_issues/links/5f9b0553458515b7cfa9492f/Ethics-in-data-processing-three-compliance-issues.pdf
Ethics
in data processing: three compliance issues
The
spread of large-scale data processing techniques, especially those
employing artificial intelligence techniques, and the consequent
increase in data collection (known as Big Data), has given rise to
several debates about the ethics of how data is collected,
manipulated and used by various types of consumers. These debates
often lead to the creation of principles aimed at guiding data
processing,2 and primarily how data is used as the basis for decision
making, whether by humans or systems that utilize automatically
processed data. In the present article, we will discuss how systems
design approaches can be used to ensure that computer systems that
process personal data3 do so in a manner consistent with accepted
ethical principles.
To
achieve this goal, our discussion will adopt a professional ethics
perspective. In this perspective, the goal is to articulate
standards and methods that guide the performance of a professional,
equipping them both to resolve ethical issues that arise during the
profession and to prevent ethical problems (Floridi and Sanders
2002). Under such a frame, the ethical discussion is connected both
to the compliance with laws governing professional activity and to
the observance of ethical principles.4
The
identification of these principles, too, is the subject of broad
discussion. Masiero (2013) describes three currents in discussions
about computing ethics: the deontological perspective, according to
which ethical conduct is identified through the fulfilment of general
duties; utilitarianism, which evaluates the ethical value of conduct
based on its consequences; and relativism, which denies the existence
of ethical values that can be regarded as universal, conditioning
ethics on culture. Even within each of these, or other possible
perspectives, 5 the question remains of what are the starting points
to consider: what are the relevant duties? How to correctly measure
the consequences? What is valued in each culture? Even identifying
the agents involved can be a relevant issue, as in the case of
artificial intelligence-based data processing, where not only system
designers but also data annotators have a significant impact on the
results produced by a system.
Some
questions. Any answers? One chapter of a new book.
https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/social-perspective-of-suspicious-activity-detection-in-facial-analysis/266134
Social
Perspective of Suspicious Activity Detection in Facial Analysis: An
ML-Based Approach for the Indian Perspective
The
world is witnessing an unprecedented growth of cyber-physical systems
(CPS), which are foreseen to revolutionize our world via creating new
services and applications in a variety of sectors such as
environmental monitoring, mobile health systems, and intelligent
transportation systems and so on. The information and communication
technology (ICT) sector is experiencing significant growth in data
traffic, driven by the widespread usage of smart phones, tablets, and
video streaming, along with the significant growth of sensors
deployments that are anticipated soon. This chapter describes
suspicious activity detection using facial analysis. Suspicious
activity is the actions of an individual or group that is outside the
normally acceptable standards for those people or that particular
area. In this chapter, the authors propose a novel and
cost-effective framework designed for suspicious activity detection
using facial expression analysis or emotion detection analysis in law
enforcement. This chapter shows a face detection module that is
intended to detect faces from a real-time video.
Overview.
https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2020-10/LM274_0.pdf
Addressing
Legitimate Concerns About Government Use of Facial Recognition
Technologies
The
adoption of facial recognition technology (FRT) by federal and state
government agencies—specifically, by law enforcement for
identifying unknown individuals suspected of committing crimes—has
generated a particularly heated debate about whether its potential
benefits are outweighed by concerns over its potential for misuse and
abuse.
What
is “soon?”
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10438599.2020.1839173
Artificial
intelligence: neither Utopian nor apocalyptic impacts soon
After
a number of AI-winters, AI is back with a boom. There are concerns
that it will disrupt society. The immediate concern is whether labor
can win a ‘race against the robots’ and the longer-term concern
is whether an artificial general intelligence (super-intelligence)
can be controlled. This paper describes the nature and context of
these concerns, reviews the current state of the empirical and
theoretical literature in economics on the impact of AI on jobs and
inequality, and discusses the challenge of AI arms races. It
is concluded that despite the media hype neither massive jobs losses
nor a ‘Singularity’ is imminent. In part, this is
because current AI, based on deep learning, is expensive and
difficult for most businesses to adopt, not only displaces but in
fact also create jobs, and may not be the route to a
super-intelligence. Thus AI is unlikely to have either Utopian or
apocalyptic impacts soon. Considering Amara's Law, one should
however be wary not to underestimate the long-run impacts of AI.
PDF
slide show.
https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/592138
Overview of the Council of
Europe's work on artificial intelligence
Translating
human rights, democracy and rule of law to the digital age
Restating the obvious?
https://journals.eco-vector.com/2410-7522/article/view/46386
Digitalization
in the understanding of philosophy, law, political science, and
economics: an interdisciplinary approach
This article discusses the influence of
digitalization on diverse social activity spheres. The authors
analyze the essential notions of digitalization with regard to
philosophy, law, political science, and economics. The
digital sphere becomes virtual space without understanding and
recognizing territorial and hence, nation-state, jurisdiction.
Global digitalization for all social spheres becomes a reality.
Nowadays, the digital economy is globalizing, the
public administration is digitalizing, electronic technologies in
finance are developing, and smart cities are being created. Law
lags significantly behind new digitalization challenges and does not
always react swiftly with regard to social interaction dynamics.
Philosophy conceptualizes human existence in digital society in the
new digital era.
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