Saturday, August 31, 2024

If they put half the effort into legitimate businesses they could probably earn twice the money.

https://techcrunch.com/2024/08/30/north-korean-hackers-exploited-chrome-zero-day-to-steal-crypto/

North Korean hackers exploited Chrome zero-day to steal crypto

A North Korean hacking group earlier in August exploited a previously unknown bug in Chrome-based browsers to target organizations with the goal of stealing cryptocurrency, according to Microsoft.

In a report published on Friday, the tech giant’s cybersecurity researchers said they first saw evidence of the hackers’ activities on August 19, and said the hackers were affiliated with a group called Citrine Sleet, which is known to target the crypto industry.



Friday, August 30, 2024

Avoiding Fahrenheit 451? (Can you read that book in Florida?)

https://www.bespacific.com/major-publishers-sue-florida-over-banned-school-library-books/

Major Publishers Sue Florida Over Banned School Library Books

Penguin Random House, Hachette Book Group, HarperCollins Publishers, Macmillan Publishers, Simon & Schuster, and Sourcebooks have filed a lawsuit against Florida public officials, challenging sweeping book removal provisions of HB 1069, an education law that restricts books in school libraries. The additional plaintiffs joining the publishers are the Authors Guild, bestselling authors Julia Alvarez, Laurie Halse Anderson, John Green, Jodi Picoult, and Angie Thomas, two students, and two parents. As a result of HB 1069, hundreds of titles have been banned across the state since the bill went into effect in July 2023. The list of banned books includes classics such as Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway, and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain, as well as contemporary novels by bestselling authors such as Margaret Atwood, Judy Blume, and Stephen King. Among nonfiction titles, accounts of the Holocaust such as The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank have been removed. HB 1069 requires school librarians to remove books that contain anything that can be construed as “sexual conduct,” with no consideration of the educational value of the work as a whole. If “a parent or a resident of the county” objects to a book, the book must be removed within five days and remain unavailable until the objection is resolved. There is no requirement to review a book within a reasonable time frame—or even to return it if it has been found not to violate the statute. If a book is returned to the library, an objector may request a review by a state-appointed special magistrate at the expense of the school district. Penguin Random House, Hachette Book Group, HarperCollins Publishers, Macmillan Publishers, Simon & Schuster, and Sourcebooks issued a joint statement: “As publishers dedicated to protecting freedom of expression and the right to read, the rise in book bans across the country continues to demand our collective action. Fighting unconstitutional legislation in Florida and across the country is an urgent priority. We are unwavering in our support for educators, librarians, students, authors, readers—everyone deserves access to books and stories that show different perspectives and viewpoints.”





Perspective. (It looks like this AI thing might be big...)

https://singularityhub.com/2024/08/29/ai-models-scaled-up-10000x-are-possible-by-2030-report-says/

AI Models Scaled Up 10,000x Are Possible by 2030, Report Says

Recent progress in AI largely boils down to one thing: Scale.

Around the beginning of this decade, AI labs noticed that making their algorithms—or models—ever bigger and feeding them more data consistently led to enormous improvements in what they could do and how well they did it. The latest crop of AI models have hundreds of billions to over a trillion internal network connections and learn to write or code like we do by consuming a healthy fraction of the internet.

It takes more computing power to train bigger algorithms. So, to get to this point, the computing dedicated to AI training has been quadrupling every year, according to nonprofit AI research organization, Epoch AI

Should that growth continue through 2030, future AI models would be trained with 10,000 times more compute than today’s state of the art algorithms, like OpenAI’s GPT-4.



Thursday, August 29, 2024

I robot becomes I lawyer…

https://www.bespacific.com/an-update-on-legal-ai-agents/

An Update on Legal AI Agents

Legaltechh Hub – Nicola Shaver: “On August 22, Spellbook released a new product it is calling Spellbook Associate, that has been touted in press releases as “the first legal AI Agent”. The product, which the company says can plan, execute, check its work, and adapt to accomplish larger scope assignments like a colleague would, is focused on executing transactional tasks, similar to the company’s original AI Assistant tool. Spellbook Associate can use a single prompt to work through legal matters such as producing complete financing documents from a term sheet, reviewing hundreds of documents for risks and inconsistencies and revising employment packages, doing so significantly faster than a human associate. The product sounds compelling, especially if, like Spellbook’s other solution, it is primarily focused on mid-law. If that’s the case, then it may well be the first legal agentic solution squarely targeting that demographic. Also, as Spellbook founder Scott Stevenson says, their Associate product is able to execute across a range of tasks, revising and cross-referencing documents and undertaking work across multiple applications (including Microsoft Word), adjusting and replanning as it works. Some of the other implementations of agentic AI in the industry are focused in on single tasks. But, to be clear: this is not the first legal AI agent. Spellbook Associate is the most recent legal AI agent to launch, marking the continuation of a trend we’ve been covering for over a year, namely the deployment of agentic AI to facilitate legal tasks. We have written about AI agents multiple times. See previous articles here and here. We highlighted legal AI agents as a hot area for the year in our forward look at legaltech in 2024, and in our recent 2024 mid-year check-in.





Did the algorithm base its recommendation on trendy/popular and no other criteria?

https://www.reuters.com/legal/tiktok-must-face-lawsuit-over-10-year-old-girls-death-us-court-rules-2024-08-28/

TikTok must face lawsuit over 10-year-old girl's death, US court rules

A U.S. appeals court has revived a lawsuit against TikTok by the mother of a 10-year-old girl who died after taking part in a viral "blackout challenge" in which users of the social media platform were dared to choke themselves until they passed out.

While a federal law typically shields internet companies from lawsuits over content posted by users, the Philadelphia-based 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals on Tuesday ruled

, opens new tab

the law does not bar Nylah Anderson's mother from pursuing claims that TikTok's algorithm recommended the challenge to her daughter.

U.S. Circuit Judge Patty Shwartz, writing for the three-judge panel, said that Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 only immunizes information provided by third parties and not recommendations TikTok itself made via an algorithm underlying its platform.

She acknowledged the holding was a departure from past court rulings by her court and others holding that Section 230 immunizes an online platform from liability for failing to prevent users from transmitting harmful messages to others.

But she said that reasoning no longer held after a U.S. Supreme Court ruling in July on whether state laws designed to restrict the power of social media platforms to curb content they deem objectionable violate their free speech rights.

In those cases, the Supreme Court held a platform's algorithm reflects "editorial judgments" about "compiling the third-party speech it wants in the way it wants." Shwartz said under that logic, content curation using algorithms is speech by the company itself, which is not protected by Section 230.



(Related)

https://www.bespacific.com/many-americans-concerned-about-ai-algorithms/

Consumer Reports survey: Many Americans concerned about AI, algorithms

Washington, DC – “A new nationally representative Consumer Reports survey explores Americans’ attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithmic decision-making. The survey found that a majority of Americans are uncomfortable about the use of AI and algorithmic decision-making technology around major life moments as it relates to housing, employment, and healthcare. CR conducted this multi-mode survey of 2,022 US adults in May 2024. The full report also includes demographic insights. Grace Gedye, policy analyst at CR, said, “Companies are using AI and algorithms behind the scenes to help determine everything from decisions about your health insurance coverage, to your prospects of landing your dream job, to who is going to get that perfect apartment you found on Zillow. We conducted this survey to get a better understanding of how consumers feel about the role AI and algorithms play in these high stakes decisions.”

The survey shows that a majority of Americans are uncomfortable with the use of AI in high-stakes decisions about their lives. We also found that in certain circumstances, Americans really want to understand what information an AI system is using to assess them, and want the chance to correct any incorrect information. Consumer Reports advocates for regulations that require AI systems to be more transparent, and that give consumers agency.”



Wednesday, August 28, 2024

Interesting, if non traditional…

https://www.bespacific.com/artificial-intelligence-and-the-law/

Artificial Intelligence and the Law

Via LLRX Artificial Intelligence and the Law David Colarusso founded and co-directs the Suffolk University Law School’s Legal Innovation & Technology (LIT) Lab. By training he is an attorney and science educator. By experience, he’s a data scientist, craftsman, and writer. LLRX is pleased to share what Colarusso states is not a traditional syllabus, because this class he is teaching is not a traditional class. He won’t just ask you to “think like a lawyer,” he will require that you act like one. In-class time will be devoted mostly to running simulations of varying fidelity for ten potentially precedent making cases and arguing the merits of proposed AI legislation. In addition to serving as an attorney—taking a case from trial through appeal—you will have the chance to act as a judge, jury, legislator, and legislative advisor. He says…”we’re in for some serious play.”





Two more variations.

https://pogowasright.org/minnesota-and-rhode-island-pass-comprehensive-privacy-legislation/

Minnesota and Rhode Island Pass Comprehensive Privacy Legislation

Lindsey Tonsager, Conor Kane, and Olivia Vega of Covington and Burling write:

Minnesota and Rhode Island are the latest states to pass comprehensive privacy legislation, joining a number of states who have enacted similar laws. This blog post summarizes the statutes’ key takeaways.
Minnesota
On May 19, 2024, the Minnesota legislature passed HF 4757, an omnibus bill containing a comprehensive privacy statute (“the Act”). The Act was signed into law on May 24, 2024, and takes effect on July 31, 2025. The Act resembles the comprehensive privacy statutes in Virginia and other states, though there are some notable distinctions.

Read more at Inside Privacy.





What could I do in defense? Anti-drone drones?

https://pogowasright.org/backyard-privacy-in-the-age-of-drones/

Backyard Privacy in the Age of Drones

Hannah Zhao writes:

Police departments and law enforcement agencies are increasingly collecting personal information using drones, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles. In addition to high-resolution photographic and video cameras, police drones may be equipped with myriad spying payloads, such as live-video transmitters, thermal imaging, heat sensors, mapping technology, automated license plate readers, cell site simulators, cell phone signal interceptors and other technologies. Captured data can later be scrutinized with backend software tools like license plate readers and face recognition technology. There have even been proposals for law enforcement to attach lethal and less-lethal weapons to drones and robots.
Over the past decade or so, police drone use has dramatically expanded. The Electronic Frontier Foundation’s Atlas of Surveillance lists more than 1500 law enforcement agencies across the US that have been reported to employ drones. The result is that backyards, which are part of the constitutionally protected curtilage of a home, are frequently being captured, either intentionally or incidentally. In grappling with the legal implications of this phenomenon, we are confronted by a pair of U.S. Supreme Court cases from the 1980s: California v. Ciraolo and Florida v. Riley. There, the Supreme Court ruled that warrantless aerial surveillance conducted by law enforcement in low-flying manned aircrafts did not violate the Fourth Amendment because there was no reasonable expectation of privacy from what was visible from the sky. Although there are fundamental differences between surveillance by manned aircrafts and drones, some courts have extended the analysis to situations involving drones, shutting the door to federal constitution challenges.

Read more at EFF. This article was originally published by The Legal Aid Society’s Decrypting a Defense Newsletter on August 5, 2024 and was reprinted on EFF with permission.





Convoluted? (I am easily confused…)

https://pogowasright.org/privacy-protections-of-the-stored-communications-act-gutted-by-california-court/

Privacy Protections of the Stored Communications Act Gutted by California Court

Stephanie Pell and Richard Salgado of the Lawfare Institute write:

On July 23, the California Court of Appeal for the Fourth District issued a whopper of a decision that looks to upset decades’ long understandings of how users’ data is protected from disclosure by providers under the Stored Communications Act (SCA). It eviscerates the SCA’s prohibitions that prevent communication platforms from disclosing user communications and other content generally, including selling the content and, in some circumstances, providing it to governmental entities without a search warrant. It also overwhelms the considered, specific exceptions to the prohibitions that Congress crafted that will have ripple effects globally. While the appellate court takes solace in its belief that there are other mechanisms that might help fill the privacy-protection void it created, the decision diminishes the original comprehensive coverage of the SCA to a shadow of what Congress intended.
The companies directly involved in the case, Snap and Meta, are seeking review by the California Supreme Court of the sweeping decision.

Read more at the Lawfare Institute.



Tuesday, August 27, 2024

Are we free to speak only the truth?

https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2024/08/missouri-ags-legal-war-against-media-matters-shot-down-by-federal-judge/

Missouri AG’s legal war against Media Matters shot down by federal judge

A federal judge ordered Missouri's attorney general to halt an investigation into Media Matters for America, a nonprofit journalism organization that earned Elon Musk's wrath when it published an article showing that Musk's X platform placed advertisements next to pro-Nazi posts.

Mehta had issued a similar order against Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton a few months earlier. Mehta filed a memorandum opinion on August 23 describing the reasons for granting Media Matters' request for an injunction against Bailey.





Useful if you are considering a new browser…

https://www.bespacific.com/what-is-privacytests-org/

What is PrivacyTests.org?

Most web browsers leak your identity and your browsing history, but some browsers are more leaky than others. The goal of PrivacyTests.org is to understand in detail: what data is each web browser leaking? Which web browsers offer the best privacy protections [brave, chrone, duckduckgo, edge, firefox, librewold, mullvad, opera, safari, tor, ungoogled, vivaldi?] PrivacyTests.org is an open-source initiative that subjects popular web browsers to a suite of automated tests. These tests are designed to audit web browsers’ privacy properties in an unbiased manner. The results of the tests are made public to help users make an informed choice about which browser to use, and to encourage browser makers to fix leaks of private user data.”



Monday, August 26, 2024

It’s simple: you kill your old AI and train a new one. (Pray your AI doesn’t fight back.)

https://www.bespacific.com/they-need-to-be-entirely-rebuilt-every-time-theyre-updated/

They Need to Be Entirely Rebuilt Every Time They’re Updated

The Byte – “A new study highlights a glaring hole in AI models’ ability to learn new information: turns out, they can’t! According to the study, conducted by a team of scientists at Canada’s University of Alberta and published this week in the journal Nature, AI algorithms trained via deep learning — in short, AI models like large language models built by finding patterns in heaps of data — fail to work in “continual learning settings,” or when new concepts are introduced to a model’s existing training. In other words, if you want to teach an existing deep learning model something new, you’ll likely have to retrain it from the ground up — otherwise, according to the research, the artificial neurons in their proverbial minds will sink to a value of zero. This results in a loss of “plasticity,” or their ability to learn at all. “If you think of it like your brain, then it’ll be like 90 percent of the neurons are dead,” University of Alberta computer scientist and lead study author Shibhansh Dohare told New Scientist. “There’s just not enough left for you to learn.” And training advanced AI models, as the researchers point out, is a cumbersome and wildly expensive process — making this a major financial obstacle for AI companies, which burn through a ton of cash as it is…”





Perhaps we should use AI to read the reports, looking for errors?

https://apnews.com/article/ai-writes-police-reports-axon-body-cameras-chatgpt-a24d1502b53faae4be0dac069243f418

Police officers are starting to use AI chatbots to write crime reports. Will they hold up in court?

Oklahoma City’s police department is one of a handful to experiment with AI chatbots to produce the first drafts of incident reports. Police officers who’ve tried it are enthused about the time-saving technology, while some prosecutors, police watchdogs and legal scholars have concerns about how it could alter a fundamental document in the criminal justice system that plays a role in who gets prosecuted or imprisoned.

Built with the same technology as ChatGPT and sold by Axon, best known for developing the Taser and as the dominant U.S. supplier of body cameras, it could become what Gilbert describes as another “game changer” for police work.

in Fort Collins, Colorado, where police Sgt. Robert Younger said officers are free to use it on any type of report, though they discovered it doesn’t work well on patrols of the city’s downtown bar district because of an “overwhelming amount of noise.”



(Related) Are prompts included as evidence?

https://www.makeuseof.com/ai-prompting-formula-guaranteed-results/

Try This AI Prompting Formula and I Guarantee You'll Love the Results

Getting the result you want in one prompt often hinges on how you phrase your prompts. It’s like a conversation—you need to be clear, direct, and intentional about what you want. Here’s a simple formula that changed everything for me.

The Four-Part Prompting Formula

I wish I could take full credit for “inventing” this formula. However, I didn’t. This formula is a result of personal experience and my takeaways from Google’s 45-page prompting guide for Gemini.

Here’s the formula: Persona + Task + Context + Output Format. Let's break these down and see how they work together.





Important and likely still relevant.

https://www.bespacific.com/nsa-releases-copy-of-internal-lecture-delivered-by-computing-giant-rear-adm-grace-hopper/

NSA releases copy of internal lecture delivered by computing giant Rear Adm. Grace Hopper

FORT MEADE, Md. — “In one of the more unique public proactive transparency record releases for the National Security Agency (NSA) to date, NSA has released a digital copy of a lecture that then-Capt. Grace Hopper gave agency employees on August 19, 1982. The lecture, “Future Possibilities: Data, Hardware, Software, and People,” features Capt. Hopper discussing some of the potential future challenges of protecting information. She also provided valuable insight on leadership and her experiences breaking barriers in the fields of computer science and mathematics. Rear Adm. Hopper was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and United States Navy rear admiral. One of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I computer, she was a pioneer of computer programming. Hopper was the first to devise the theory of machine-independent programming languages, and the FLOW-MATIC programming language she created using this theory was later extended to create COBOL, an early high-level programming language still in use today. In 2016, President Obama posthumously awarded Rear Adm. Hopper the Presidential Medal of Freedom — the Nation’s highest civilian honor, awarded to individuals who have made especially meritorious contributions to the security or national interest of the U.S. — for her remarkable influence on the field of computer science. While NSA did not possess the equipment required to access the footage from the media format in which it was preserved, NSA deemed the footage to be of significant public interest and requested assistance from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) to retrieve the footage. NARA’s Special Media Department was able to retrieve the footage contained on two 1’ APEX tapes and transferred the footage to NSA to be reviewed for public release. NSA recognizes Rear Adm. Hopper’s significant contributions as a trailblazing computer scientist and mathematician, but also as a leader.

“The most important thing I’ve accomplished, other than building the compiler, is training young people,” Rear Adm. Hopper once said. “They come to me, you know, and say, ‘Do you think we can do this?’ I say, ‘Try it.’ And I back ’em up. They need that. I keep track of them as they get older and I stir ’em up at intervals so they don’t forget to take chances.” [h/t Mike Ravnitzky]

Sunday, August 25, 2024

I don’t think he’s happy…

https://teachprivacy.com/u-s-state-privacy-laws-a-lack-of-imagination/

U.S. State Privacy Laws – A Lack of Imagination

The U.S. lacks a federal comprehensive privacy law, but the states have sprung into action by passing broadly-applicable consumer privacy laws. Nearly 20 states have passed such laws – so about 40% of the states now have privacy laws.

Are these laws any good?

Short answer: No

But I am glad they exist. Well, sort of…





Redefining the Justice System.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-024-03587-0

Integrating industry 4.0 technologies for the administration of courts and justice dispensation—a systematic review

The judiciary is a foundation of democracy, upholding the rule of law and protecting rights. Efficient court administration is vital for public trust, justice, and timely proceedings. Currently, courts face challenges such as inconsistencies, adjournments, and absence of transparency, undermining the justice system. Traditional manual processes and paper-based documentation cause significant backlogs, slow resolutions, and limited public access. As case volumes and complexities rise, modernizing court administration through digital transformation is progressively critical. Currently, many countries are integrating technologies in the courts for its administration and other activities. In recent years, courts and judges have been subjected to pressure to improve performance, uplifting judicial effectiveness to a top priority. Subsequently, several countries have integrated simplification and digitization strategies in judicial initiatives to enhance court efficiency. Switzerland’s Justitia 4.0 and Brazil’s PJE are notable initiatives that focused to strengthen court administration through digitalization. These aspects motivated this study to examine the detailed integration of industry 4.0 technologies such as the Internet of things, cloud computing, blockchain, big data analytics, robotics, drones, Metaverse, digital twins, and artificial intelligence for court administration with digitalized infrastructure. According to the study, integrating these technologies in less complex cases helps minimize expenditures and save time, making to resolve cases conveniently, efficiently, and superiorly. The study also identified the challenges and issues associated with industry 4.0 technologies such as evidence gathering, evidence preservation, robot judges for pre-judgment analysis, and judgment delivery, which future studies need to be explored.





Useful overview?

https://periodicosulbra.org/index.php/acta/article/view/114

CONTEMPLATING THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEGAL FIELD

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various industries has sparked transformative changes, with the legal field being no exception. AI technologies are reshaping traditional practices, offering efficiency, accuracy, and unprecedented insights. This article explores the burgeoning role of AI in the legal domain, examining its impact, challenges, and prospects. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the legal field represents a transformative shift with profound implications for the practice of law. This paper explores the multifaceted roles AI plays in the legal sector, including its applications in legal research, case prediction, contract analysis, and client management. It examines how AI-driven tools enhance efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility while also addressing the ethical and regulatory challenges they pose. The paper highlights case studies of AI implementations, assesses the impact on legal professionals and the justice system, and discusses the future trajectory of AI in law. By analysing the benefits and limitations of AI technologies, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how AI is reshaping legal practices and what it means for the future of legal services.