I hope that with the election (if not the litigation) behind us, the articles I’m truly interested in will be able to fight their way through the pandemic news a bit easier.
One interesting question: Does ethics require data controllers to behave in ways that are not required by law?
Ethics in data processing: three compliance issues
The spread of large-scale data processing techniques, especially those employing artificial intelligence techniques, and the consequent increase in data collection (known as Big Data), has given rise to several debates about the ethics of how data is collected, manipulated and used by various types of consumers. These debates often lead to the creation of principles aimed at guiding data processing,2 and primarily how data is used as the basis for decision making, whether by humans or systems that utilize automatically processed data. In the present article, we will discuss how systems design approaches can be used to ensure that computer systems that process personal data3 do so in a manner consistent with accepted ethical principles.
To achieve this goal, our discussion will adopt a professional ethics perspective. In this perspective, the goal is to articulate standards and methods that guide the performance of a professional, equipping them both to resolve ethical issues that arise during the profession and to prevent ethical problems (Floridi and Sanders 2002). Under such a frame, the ethical discussion is connected both to the compliance with laws governing professional activity and to the observance of ethical principles.4
The identification of these principles, too, is the subject of broad discussion. Masiero (2013) describes three currents in discussions about computing ethics: the deontological perspective, according to which ethical conduct is identified through the fulfilment of general duties; utilitarianism, which evaluates the ethical value of conduct based on its consequences; and relativism, which denies the existence of ethical values that can be regarded as universal, conditioning ethics on culture. Even within each of these, or other possible perspectives, 5 the question remains of what are the starting points to consider: what are the relevant duties? How to correctly measure the consequences? What is valued in each culture? Even identifying the agents involved can be a relevant issue, as in the case of artificial intelligence-based data processing, where not only system designers but also data annotators have a significant impact on the results produced by a system.
Some questions. Any answers? One chapter of a new book.
Social Perspective of Suspicious Activity Detection in Facial Analysis: An ML-Based Approach for the Indian Perspective
The world is witnessing an unprecedented growth of cyber-physical systems (CPS), which are foreseen to revolutionize our world via creating new services and applications in a variety of sectors such as environmental monitoring, mobile health systems, and intelligent transportation systems and so on. The information and communication technology (ICT) sector is experiencing significant growth in data traffic, driven by the widespread usage of smart phones, tablets, and video streaming, along with the significant growth of sensors deployments that are anticipated soon. This chapter describes suspicious activity detection using facial analysis. Suspicious activity is the actions of an individual or group that is outside the normally acceptable standards for those people or that particular area. In this chapter, the authors propose a novel and cost-effective framework designed for suspicious activity detection using facial expression analysis or emotion detection analysis in law enforcement. This chapter shows a face detection module that is intended to detect faces from a real-time video.
Overview.
https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2020-10/LM274_0.pdf
Addressing Legitimate Concerns About Government Use of Facial Recognition Technologies
The adoption of facial recognition technology (FRT) by federal and state government agencies—specifically, by law enforcement for identifying unknown individuals suspected of committing crimes—has generated a particularly heated debate about whether its potential benefits are outweighed by concerns over its potential for misuse and abuse.
What is “soon?”
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10438599.2020.1839173
Artificial intelligence: neither Utopian nor apocalyptic impacts soon
After a number of AI-winters, AI is back with a boom. There are concerns that it will disrupt society. The immediate concern is whether labor can win a ‘race against the robots’ and the longer-term concern is whether an artificial general intelligence (super-intelligence) can be controlled. This paper describes the nature and context of these concerns, reviews the current state of the empirical and theoretical literature in economics on the impact of AI on jobs and inequality, and discusses the challenge of AI arms races. It is concluded that despite the media hype neither massive jobs losses nor a ‘Singularity’ is imminent. In part, this is because current AI, based on deep learning, is expensive and difficult for most businesses to adopt, not only displaces but in fact also create jobs, and may not be the route to a super-intelligence. Thus AI is unlikely to have either Utopian or apocalyptic impacts soon. Considering Amara's Law, one should however be wary not to underestimate the long-run impacts of AI.
PDF slide show.
https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/592138
Overview of the Council of Europe's work on artificial intelligence
Translating human rights, democracy and rule of law to the digital age
Restating the obvious?
https://journals.eco-vector.com/2410-7522/article/view/46386
Digitalization in the understanding of philosophy, law, political science, and economics: an interdisciplinary approach
This article discusses the influence of digitalization on diverse social activity spheres. The authors analyze the essential notions of digitalization with regard to philosophy, law, political science, and economics. The digital sphere becomes virtual space without understanding and recognizing territorial and hence, nation-state, jurisdiction. Global digitalization for all social spheres becomes a reality.
Nowadays, the digital economy is globalizing, the public administration is digitalizing, electronic technologies in finance are developing, and smart cities are being created. Law lags significantly behind new digitalization challenges and does not always react swiftly with regard to social interaction dynamics. Philosophy conceptualizes human existence in digital society in the new digital era.
A tool worth grabbing?
https://www.makeuseof.com/python-regex-cheat-sheet/
The Python RegEx Cheat Sheet for Budding Programmers
The use of Python to solve various tech problems and its easy learning curve has made it one of the most popular modern programming languages. Despite being quick to learn, its regular expressions can be tricky, especially for newcomers.
For that reason, we've prepared this Python regular expressions cheat sheet to help you get a better hold of your syntaxes.
FREE DOWNLOAD: This cheat sheet is available as a downloadable PDF from our distribution partner, TradePub. You will have to complete a short form to access it for the first time only. Download the Python RegEx Cheat Sheet for Budding Programmers.
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