Worth thinking about.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5131058
Large Language Models and International Law
Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to transform public international lawyering. ChatGPT and similar LLMs can do so in at least five ways: (i) helping to identify the contents of international law; (ii) interpreting existing international law; (iii) formulating and drafting proposals for new legal instruments or negotiating positions; (iv) assessing the international legality of specific acts; and (v) collating and distilling large datasets for international courts, tribunals, and treaty bodies.
The article uses two case studies to show how LLMs may work in international legal practice. First, it uses LLMs to identify whether particular behavioral expectations rise to the level of customary international law. In doing so, it tests LLMs’ ability to identify persistent objectors and a more egalitarian collection of state practice, as well as their proclivity to produce orthogonal or inaccurate answers. Second, it explores how LLMs perform in producing draft treaty texts, ranging from a U.S.-China extradition treaty to a treaty banning the use of artificial intelligence in nuclear command and control systems.
Based on our analysis of the five potential functions and the two more detailed case studies, the article identifies four roles for LLMs in international law: as collaborator, confounder, creator, or corruptor. In some cases, LLMs will be collaborators, complementing existing international lawyering by drastically improving the scope and speed with which users can assemble and analyze materials and produce new texts. At the same time, without careful prompt engineering and curation of results, LLMs may generate confounding outcomes, leading international lawyers down inaccurate or ambiguous paths. This is particularly likely when LLMs fail to accurately explain or defend particular conclusions. Further, LLMs also hold surprising potential to help to create new law by offering inventive proposals for treaty language or negotiations.
Most importantly, we highlight the potential for LLMs to corrupt international law by fostering automation bias in users. That is, even where analog work by international lawyers would produce different results, LLM results may soon be perceived to accurately reflect the contents of international law. The implications of this potential are profound. LLMs could effectively realign the contents and contours of international law based on the datasets they employ. The widespread use of LLMs may even incentivize states and others to push their desired views into those datasets to corrupt LLM outputs. Such risks and rewards lead us to conclude with a call for further empirical and theoretical research on LLMs’ potential to assist, reshape, or redefine international legal practice and scholarship.
Not sure I agree.
https://thejoas.com/index.php/thejoas/article/view/263
The Intersection of Ethics and Artificial Intelligence: A Philosophical Study
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has had a significant impact on various aspects of human life, ranging from the economy, education, to health. However, these advances also raise complex ethical challenges, such as privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, moral responsibility, and potential misuse of technology. This research aims to explore the intersection between ethics and artificial intelligence through a philosophical approach. The method used in this study is qualitative with literature study (library research), examining various classical and contemporary ethical theories and their application in the context of AI development. The results of the study show that AI presents a new moral dilemma that cannot be fully answered by traditional ethical frameworks. For example, the concept of responsibility in AI becomes blurred when decisions are taken by autonomous systems without human intervention. Additionally, bias in AI training data indicates the need for strict ethical oversight in the design and implementation process of this technology. The study also highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach in drafting ethical guidelines that are able to accommodate future AI developments. Thus, this research is expected to contribute to enriching the discourse on AI ethics and offering a deeper philosophical perspective in understanding the moral challenges faced.
You only get out what you design in… (Garbage in, garbage out.)
Older AI models show signs of cognitive decline, study shows
People increasingly rely on artificial intelligence (AI) for medical diagnoses because of how quickly and efficiently these tools can spot anomalies and warning signs in medical histories, X-rays and other datasets before they become obvious to the naked eye. But a new study published Dec. 20, 2024 in the BMJ raises concerns that AI technologies like large language models (LLMs) and chatbots, like people, show signs of deteriorated cognitive abilities with age.
"These findings challenge the assumption that artificial intelligence will soon replace human doctors," the study's authors wrote in the paper, "as the cognitive impairment evident in leading chatbots may affect their reliability in medical diagnostics and undermine patients' confidence."
No comments:
Post a Comment