Holding the Terminator liable?

https://journals.soran.edu.iq/index.php/Twejer/article/view/2047

Criminal Liability for Crimes Committed by Artificial Intelligence Devices (Robots)

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and robotics technology, robots have become integral to our daily lives, serving both practical and ideological purposes. Individuals and institutions utilize them to achieve various objectives, and their growing presence across multiple sectors underscores their importance in delivering essential services to humanity. However, alongside these benefits, robots also pose significant risks due to their extensive applications in areas such as the military, education, humanitarian aid, security, and law enforcement. In these contexts, robots may make mistakes that harm those interacting with them, necessitating a legal framework that aligns with these new realities and reexamines the criminal liability of robots in light of technological advancements. The nature of crimes committed by robots varies according to their technical capabilities, [Is that true? Bob] encompassing offenses against individuals: roperty, and more. Accordingly, our research will explore the extent to which robots can be held accountable for crimes they commit autonomously, without human intervention.

Because we will need some tools…

https://jeet.ieet.org/index.php/home/article/view/188

Misinformation Research at the National Science Foundation

Promotion of misinformation online has become common, usually defined as false or inaccurate assertions without clear motivation, in contrast to unethical disinformation that is consciously intended to mislead. However, misinformation raises ethical questions, such as how much obligation a person has to verify the factual truth of what they assert, and how many cases were intentional falsehoods that simply could not be proven to come from liars. Since the beginning of the current century, the National Science Foundation supported much research intended to understand misinformation’s social dynamics and develop tools to identify and even combat it. Then in 2025, the second Trump administration banned such research, even cancelling many active grants that funded academic projects. Examination of representative research identifies ethical debates, the cultural differences across the relevant divisions of NSF, and connections to related questions such as the human implications of artificial intelligence. This clear survey of the recent history of research on false information offers the background to support future science and public decisions about what new research needs to be done.