Perspective.

https://www.bespacific.com/recent-trends-in-legal-ai-a-comprehensive-review/

Recent Trends in Legal AI: A Comprehensive Review

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is transforming legal firms by enhancing legal text analysis, legal document management, and judicial decision prediction. Conventional rule-based and statistical methods lack the contextual understanding, and scalability required for processing complex legal texts, while deep learning and transformer-based models have revolutionized advanced Legal Artificial Intelligence (LegalAI) technologies. Large Language Models (LLMs), including BERT, GPT, LLaMA, and domain-specific transformers like Legal-BERT and CaseLaw-BERT, have refined the state-of-art models in legal NLP tasks like legal text classification, legal text summarization, and judgment prediction.  This study analyzes 40 selected journals and conference papers from 2017 to 2024, emphasizing the developing research interest in LLM-based legal applications. Major developments consist of hierarchical transformers, rhetorical role classification, and legal knowledge graphs that facilitate legal text parsing and logical inference. This paper spans intellectual breakthroughs with real-world applications by reviewing LLMs and Knowledge Graphs (KG) for legal NLP, providing key findings for scholars and experts working on AI-driven legal systems.

Published in: 2025 Third International Conference on Augmented Intelligence and Sustainable Systems (ICAISS)

Date of Conference: 21-23 May 2025

Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 24 June 2025

DOI: 10.1109/ICAISS61471.2025.11042154

Perspective.

https://geopoliticalfutures.com/trumps-diplomatic-model/

Trump’s Diplomatic Model

U.S. President Donald Trump has developed a clear model for exercising diplomacy. He begins by making demands of other nations, then calls for negotiations. If the negotiations do not take place or fail to produce some kind of accommodation, he takes punitive action. All the while, he alternatively issues threats meant to intensify the process or encourages action by praising his antagonist.

… Then there is the case of Russia and Ukraine. The negotiation process started with yet another shock – this time to Ukraine, when Washington said it was prepared to reduce, if not abandon, its support for Kyiv. Trump then sought to open negotiations with Russia with a stunning desire for a settlement at Ukraine’s expense. The purpose of the shock was to ease Russia’s anxieties over its performance in Ukraine and to indicate that the United States was not going to take advantage of those anxieties. In fact, Washington wanted Moscow to know it was prepared to offer economic benefits to Russia. Trump demanded talks to end the war. Russian President Vladimir Putin learned three things from this initial volley: that the U.S. was indifferent to the future of Ukraine, that Putin’s military failure in Ukraine was unacceptable, and that Trump’s indifference to Ukraine’s future (and his hostility toward NATO) gave Putin time to improve his position in Ukraine. In other words, Putin could not allow the war to end based on his meager successes. He regarded the U.S. stance on NATO (and Trump’s eagerness to settle) as an opportunity.