Tuesday, June 16, 2020


What is often worse than no encryption? Reliance on weak encryption.
South African bank to replace 12m cards after employees stole master key
Postbank, the banking division of South Africa's Post Office, has lost more than $3.2 million from fraudulent transactions and will now have to replace more than 12 million cards for its customers after employees printed and then stole its master key.
The Sunday Times of South Africa, the local news outlet that broke the story, said the incident took place in December 2018 when someone printed the bank's master key on a piece of paper at its old data center in the city of Pretoria.
The bank suspects that employees are behind the breach, the news publication said, citing an internal security audit they obtained from a source in the bank.
The master key is a 36-digit code (encryption key) that allows its holder to decrypt the bank's operations and even access and modify banking systems. It is also used to generate keys for customer cards.
The internal report said that between March and December 2019, the rogue employees used the master key to access accounts and make more than 25,000 fraudulent transactions, stealing more than $3.2 million (56 million rand) from customer balances.
Following the discovery of the breach, Postbank will now have to replace all customer cards that have been generated with the master key, an operation the bank suspects it would cost it more than one billion rands (~$58 million).




A significant opportunity for cost cutting. (Of course, this may be a lie.) Besides, all this truthiness stuff is hard.
Facebook now says it won’t even try to block 2020 election disinformation
PCWorld – “Can you trust what you read on Facebook? No. And why not? Because Facebook has now explicitly said that it will obey an executive order from President Trump and will refuse to fact-check misinformation and disinformation as American heads into the 2020 election. In April 2017, Facebook published a white paper that acknowledged the spread of “information operations” trying to divide and deceive Americans, in response to accusations that misinformation helped influence the 2016 U.S. elections. In September 2017, Facebook chief security officer Alex Stamos acknowledged that some of the accounts and Pages disseminating that information came from within Russia. Common Cause, a watchdog group, filed suit. Then Facebook joined Twitter and Google, telling Congress that they would do better. On Thursday, in response to a request by the presidential campaign of Senator Joe Biden to stop the spread of misinformation, Facebook threw in the towel. The company claimed that a recent executive order by President Trump tied its hands. Facebook’s announcement came a day before Twitter eliminated thousands of accounts which it claimed were tied to state disinformation campaigns…”


(Related)
The Russian Disinfo Operation You Never Heard About
THE INTERNET RESEARCH Agency is infamous for flooding mainstream social media platforms with compelling disinformation campaigns. The GRU, Russia's military intelligence agency, deploys strategic data leaks and destabilizing cyberattacks, But in the recent history of Russia's online meddling, a third, distinct entity may have been at work on many of the same objectives—indicating that Russia's disinformation operations went deeper than was publicly known until now.




Wait, we’ll have it figured out any day now!
The CCPA “Moving Target” One Month Before Privacy Enforcement Begins
… First, the final regulations issued by the California Office of the Attorney General were just released to the public on June 2, with a request for expedited 30-business-day review by the California State Office of Administrative Law (OAL). As the California Attorney General’s Final Statement of Reasons acknowledges, the regulations contain several requirements that go beyond the text of the law (see below).[1]
Second, the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA) initiative[2], which would significantly change the CCPA and make it very difficult to make adjustments to the legislation in the future, has been submitted to the California Secretary of State with more than 900,000 signatures.


(Related) Just trying to figure out what all those words actually mean...
All the Time and Money on California's New Privacy Law Wasted?
So suggests IBM, fighting a lawsuit over the way that the Weather Channel app collects and disseminates user location data.
As owner of the Weather Channel app, IBM is fighting the contention made by the L.A. City Attorney's Office that it has violated California's unfair competition law by deceptively collecting private geolocation data from users and selling it for profit. On June 11, IBM submitted a motion for summary judgment that pointed to California's recent enactment of the nation's most stringent data privacy statute.
… According to defendants' summary judgment motion, users were informed that geolocation data was being collected for transmission to third parties. But those disclosures happened on an online privacy page.
"Plaintiff’s case boils down to a claim that the UCL requires additional disclosures in additional locations," IBM's lawyers at Quinn Emanuel write. "Specifically, Plaintiff contends that the UCL requires mobile app operators like Defendants to disclose 'all of [their] material practices regarding their users’ location [or other personal] data' in a 'mandatory screen or pop-up within the App, to which users are required to consent prior to the collection of any location [or other personal] data.'”
IBM says that's not the law — that such requirements significantly exceed the disclosures mandated by both the California Online Privacy Protection Act and the California Consumer Privacy Act. As such, the defendant says that what the L.A. City Attorney's Office is doing is attempting to legislate through litigation.




Is Kim Jung Un getting tougher or is this his sister’s idea?
North Korea Blows Up Liaison Office Shared With South Korea
North Korea on Tuesday blew up a building where its officials and their South Korean counterparts had recently worked side by side, dramatically signaling its displeasure with the South after weeks of threats to end the countries’ recent détente.
South Korean border guards heard an explosion and then saw smoke rising from Kaesong, the North Korean town where the building was located. The building appeared to be blown completely apart in a blast so powerful that windows in nearby buildings were also shattered, according to video footage from a South Korean surveillance camera on the border.
The South’s Unification Ministry confirmed that North Korea had demolished the four-story glass-and-steel building that housed what had been known as the joint liaison office. Hours later, the North’s official news agency said “the liaison office was tragically ruined with a terrific explosion,” adding that the action reflected “the mind-set of the enraged people” of North Korea.



Monday, June 15, 2020


A war, by any other name…
Greece hires 80 new hackers as cyberwar with Turkey intensifies
Paul Antonopoulos reports:
Greece’s National Intelligence Service has hired 80 new hackers at a time when the cyberwar with Turkish hackers has intensified, Ethnos reported.
The last time hackers were recruited was in 2009, but now “new blood” is considered necessary for the renewal of staff.
In January, Turkish hackers breached security systems and hacked the websites of the Greek Interior Ministry, the Foreign Ministry and the Prime Minister’s website, prompting for immediate security upgrades.
Last week however, Turkish hackers initiated a new cyber war when they brought down the website of a small municipality of only 30,000 people called Chalkidona in the Thessaloniki regional unit. Ayyidiz Tim, the “cyber soldier of Turkey,” took responsibility for the cyber attack.
Read more on Greek City Times


(Related) Follow the money.
Examining the US Cyber Budget
Jason Healey takes a detailed look at the US federal cybersecurity budget and reaches an important conclusion: the US keeps saying that we need to prioritize defense, but in fact we prioritize attack.




Cringe-worthy, but I’ll have my students read it.
Lessons learned from the ANPR data leak that shook Britain
On April 28, 2020, The Register reported the massive Automatic Number-Plate Recognition (ANPR) system used by the Sheffield government authorities was leaking some 8.6 million driver records. An online ANPR dashboard responsible for managing the cameras, tracking license plate numbers and viewing vehicle images was left exposed on the internet, without any password or security in place. This meant anybody on the internet could have accessed the dashboard via their web browser and peeked into a vehicle’s journey or possibly corrupted records and overridden camera system settings.
… The Council and South Yorkshire Police have suggested there were no victims of the data leak, but experts aren’t so sure.
… “As forensic investigators, we have often come across data breaches where the reason there were no signs is because there [were] no systems monitoring for signs,” says Barratt. “No evidence of compromise is not the same as evidence of no compromise.”




Protect yourself.
How to Clean Up Your Social Media Posts As Much as You Can
Wired – How to Clean Up Your Old Social Media Posts – “These tips will help you safely tidy up your Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram accounts—or give your profile a fresh start.”
Wired UK – “…First off–everything you do on Instagram is tracked. Almost every online service you use collects information about your actions. Every thumb scroll made through your feed provides it with information about your behavior. Instagram knows that you spent 20 minutes scrolling to the depths of your high-school crush’s profile at 2am. The data that Instagram collects isn’t just for advertising. The company uses your information—for instance, what device you use to login—to detect suspicious login attempts. Crash reports from your phone can help it identify bugs in its code and identify parts of the app that nobody uses. In 2019 it ditched the Following tab, which showed everyone the public posts you had liked. Other than deleting the app completely there’s very little you can do to stop Instagram from tracking your behavior on its platform, but there are things you can do to limit some of the data that’s collected and the types of ads you see online…”




Look for violations, sure. Enforcement requires people.
Many Police Departments Have Software That Can Identify People In Crowds
BriefCam, a facial recognition and surveillance video analysis company, sells the ability to surveil protesters and enforce social distancing — without the public knowing.
… Some of the cities using BriefCam’s technology — such as New Orleans and St. Paul — have been the site of extreme police violence, with officers using rubber bullets, tear gas, and batons on protesters. Authorities in Chicago; Boston; Detroit; Denver; Doral, Florida; Hartford, Connecticut; and Santa Fe County, New Mexico have also used it.
… This month, BriefCam launched a new “Proximity Identification" feature, which it marketed as a way to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The company claimed it could gauge the distance between individuals, detect who is wearing a mask and who isn't, and identify crowds and bottlenecks. In a brochure, BriefCam said that these features could be combined with facial recognition to determine the identities of people who may have violated social distancing recommendations.




News is nice, but not worth paying for.
Facebook says it doesn’t need news stories for its business and won’t pay to share them in Australia
Facebook has rejected a proposal to share advertising revenue with news organisations, saying there would “not be significant” impacts on its business if it stopped sharing news altogether.
On Monday, the social media giant issued its response to the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, which has been tasked with creating a mandatory code of conduct aimed at levelling the playing field.
… “It is not healthy nor sustainable to expect that two private companies, Facebook and Google, are solely responsible for supporting a public good and solving the challenges faced by the Australian media industry,” it said.
“The code needs to recognise that there is healthy, competitive rivalry in the relationship between digital platforms and news publishers, in that we compete for advertising revenue.”
The company said the revenue-sharing proposal would be forcing them to “subsidise a competitor” and “distort advertising markets, potentially leading to higher prices”.




The rush to adopt any new technology often exceeds the ability to understand the risks.
The Liabilities of Artificial Intelligence Are Increasing
“With the proliferation of machine learning and predictive analytics, the FTC should make use of its unfairness authority to tackle discriminatory algorithms and practices in the economy.”
This statement came from FTC Commissioner Rohit Chopra at the end of May. The fact that these words followed a more formal blogpost from the regulator focused on artificial intelligence—in the midst of a global pandemic, no less—highlights what is becoming the new normal: Liabilities on the use of algorithmic decision-making are increasing. This holds true with or without new federal regulations on AI.
For those paying attention to the rapid adoption of AI, this trend might come as no surprise—especially given that regulators have been discussing new regulations on AI for years (as I’ve written about here before ). But the increasing liability of algorithmic decision-making systems, which often incorporate artificial intelligence and machine learning, also stems from a newer development: the longer regulators wait, the more widely used AI becomes. In the process, the concrete harms these technologies can cause are becoming clear.
Take, for example, automated screening systems for tenants, which the publication The Markup recently revealed have been plagued by inaccuracies that have generated millions of dollars in lawsuits and fines.
… Or take the Michigan Integrated Data Automated System, used by the state to monitor filing for unemployment benefits, which was also recently alleged to have falsely accused thousands of citizens of fraud
… Then there’s the recent lawsuit against Clearview AI, filed in Illinois at the end of May by the ACLU and a leading privacy class action law firm, alleging that the company’s algorithms violated the state’s Biometric Information Privacy Act.
… In other words, the list of lawsuits, fines and other liabilities created by AI is long and getting longer. The non-profit Partnership on AI even recently released an AI incident database to track how models can be misused or go awry.
… Whatever the cause, there’s a range of materials that lawyers can use to help their organizations prepare, like this series of articles focused on legal planning for the adoption of AI.




A good look at AI.
AI will shift our industry even more than the internet did 20 years ago. Here’s why.
There have been significant shifts in computing every 10 to 15 years, starting in the 1980s with personal computers, then the internet in the ’90s and more recently the advent of mobile in the mid-2000s. What’s next for computers and the digitalization of the world? After the internet, artificial intelligence (AI) looms large.
… It’s important to start by making sure we don’t misunderstand what artificial intelligence is. Humans like to compare themselves with AI and keep stressing that AI will never be our equivalent. This completely misses the point. AI today is just a new generation of computing that happens to be very good at handling any kind of information and making predictions.




For us non-lawyers…
The Internet’s most important—and misunderstood—law, explained
Ars Technica – Section 230 is the legal foundation of social media, and it’s under attack.”…To understand Section 230, you have to understand how the law worked before Congress enacted it in 1996. At the time, the market for consumer online services was dominated by three companies: Prodigy, CompuServe, and AOL. Along with access to the Internet, the companies also offered proprietary services such as real time chats and online message boards. Prodigy distinguished itself from rivals by advertising a moderated, family-friendly experience. Employees would monitor its message boards and delete posts that didn’t meet the company’s standards. And this difference proved to have an immense—and rather perverse—legal consequence…”



Sunday, June 14, 2020


Once upon a time, I had my students build a Computer Security wiki. This one inspires me to do it again!
Jason Cronk has announced a new Privacy Wiki that you’ll want to bookmark. From Jason’s announcement:
And now for something different: a return to #privacy. I’d like to soft-announce the Privacy Wiki, a wiki dedicated to privacy laws and events. https://lnkd.in/dqiVAC4 Currently the wiki has 78 US Federal laws, over 200 US State laws and over 100 articles on privacy events. It is organized around the Solove taxonomy and other aspects of #privacybydesign. While most state laws have been entered, we’re looking for state legal editors to update them and keep them current. If you’re interested please contact our Chief Legal Editor Ece Gumusel, LL.M. on LinkedIn or through https://lnkd.in/d6q5d2Q. Currently we have NO state legal editor volunteers.




Confusing Congress?
Big tech to Congress: Your move on facial recognition
… While the announcements are at least partially symbolic — Microsoft says it already wasn't selling those tools to police departments — the calls for congressional action mark an increasingly offensive posture for an industry that has faced heat from its own employees for dealing out tools that critics say facilitate mass surveillance and racial profiling by cops.
… Other critics have noted the announcements don't encompass the full range of cutting-edge tools that the companies supply to law enforcement agencies, including home surveillance systems that lawmakers have sounded the alarm on. The moves could also create an opening for lesser-known tech companies that remain big sellers of facial recognition services to police agencies. They include Clearview AI, a U.S. company that allows hundreds of law enforcement agencies to search for individuals from a database of billions of photos scraped from online sources.
… "I would love to be a fly on the wall at the board meeting where Amazon's government affairs team explains why it spent millions of dollars lobbying against a moratorium that it then decided to impose on itself," said the aide.




Rethink! If we can’t trust them, should we think of them as AP (artificial politicians)?
In AI We Trust: Ethics, Artificial Intelligence, and Reliability
One of the main difficulties in assessing artificial intelligence (AI) is the tendency for people to anthropomorphise it. This becomes particularly problematic when we attach human moral activities to AI. For example, the European Commission’s High-level Expert Group on AI (HLEG) have adopted the position that we should establish a relationship of trust with AI and should cultivate trustworthy AI (HLEG AI Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI, 2019, p. 35). Trust is one of the most important and defining activities in human relationships, so proposing that AI should be trusted, is a very serious claim. This paper will show that AI cannot be something that has the capacity to be trusted according to the most prevalent definitions of trust because it does not possess emotive states or can be held responsible for their actions—requirements of the affective and normative accounts of trust. While AI meets all of the requirements of the rational account of trust, it will be shown that this is not actually a type of trust at all, but is instead, a form of reliance. Ultimately, even complex machines such as AI should not be viewed as trustworthy as this undermines the value of interpersonal trust, anthropomorphises AI, and diverts responsibility from those developing and using them.




An interesting question.
These engineers are training AI to forge handwriting – why?
Researchers in Germany are developing a new artificial intelligence that can precisely imitate any kind of handwriting you feed it.
Rather than being intended for AI-enhanced forgeries, [Sure. Bob] the technology is initially intended to help people who can no longer write because of injury or some other impairment.
… It's not the first time developers have tried to digitise human handwriting, and fonts available online already allow you to imitate the writing of people like Donald Trump and Greta Thunberg.
However, the system promises a far more sophisticated level of imitation, and rather than simply imitating individual letters, the new method works on the basis of generating entire lines of text, just as a human might.