Who
are we explaining it for?
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4531323
Lost
in Translation: The Limits of Explainability in AI
As
artificial intelligence becomes more prevalent, regulators are
increasingly turning to legal measures, like “a right to
explanation” to protect against potential risks raised by AI
systems. However, are eXplainable AI (XAI) tools - the artificial
intelligence tools that provide such explanations – up for the
task?
This
paper critically examines XAI’s potential to facilitate the right
to explanation by applying the prism of explanation’s role in law
to different stakeholders. Inspecting the underlying functions of
reason-giving reveals different objectives for each of the
stakeholders involved. From the perspective of a decision-subject,
reason-giving facilitates due process and acknowledges human agency.
From a decision-maker’s perspective, reason-giving contributes to
improving the quality of the decisions themselves. From an ecosystem
perspective, reason-giving may strengthen the authority of the
decision-making system toward different stakeholders by promoting
accountability and legitimacy, and by providing better guidance.
Applying this analytical
framework to XAI’s generated explanations reveals that XAI fails to
fulfill the underlying objectives of the right to explanation from
the perspective of both the decision-subject and the decision-maker.
In contrast, XAI is found to be extremely well-suited to fulfil the
underlying functions of reason-giving from an ecosystems’
perspective, namely, strengthening the authority of the
decision-making system. However, lacking all other virtues, this
isolated ability may be misused or abused, eventually harming XAI’s
intended human audience. The disparity between human decision-making
and automated decisions makes XAI an insufficient and even a risky
tool, rather than serving as a guardian of human rights. After
conducting a rigorous analysis of these ramifications, this paper
concludes by urging regulators and the XAI community to reconsider
the pursuit of explainability and the right to explanation of AI
systems.
Are
we ready?
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jai/issue/77844/1318812
The
Metaverse: A Brave New "World"
As
we stand on the precipice of the next significant socio-technological
revolution, the Metaverse promises to transform our lives as
profoundly as the internet did, if not more. The Metaverse is
evolving as an immersive, collaborative, and interactive digital
space, of ering early glimpses of its vast potential. The scope of
this digital universe extends far beyond just entertainment and
gaming—it provides innovative ways to revolutionize education,
business, healthcare, and finance, including burgeoning areas like
cryptocurrencies. However, without establishing appropriate
safeguards, the Metaverse also poses considerable challenges. The
pervasive risks to privacy, security, and safety of individuals in an
environment where redress mechanisms are yet undefined, are areas of
concern that need urgent attention. This
article defines the Metaverse, its evolution, potential benefits, and
potentially harmful impact due to data privacy.
Subsequently, it shares the results of a bibliographic study
demonstrating that the Metaverse is becoming popular along with
ethics and AI. Next, it presents the results from a global survey
which suggests that the Metaverse implies cautiously optimistic
tones. Moreover, the article introduces an AI-based new technology
as an example between today's and tomorrow’s worlds. Based on the
results, it concludes why it is important to establish educational
programs and guidelines for applying the technologies in the
Metaverse. Finally, it makes recommendations for new research and
other actions for the entire Metaverse ecosystem.
Someone
will do this first. Will that be a significant advantage?
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202308.0308/v1
Towards
Granting of Legal Personality to Autonomous Robots in the UAE
The
Dubai Digital Government launched its recent guidelines, which call
for artificial intelligence systems to be subject to legal
accountability. This study discusses the extent to which autonomous
robots can be granted legal personality in UAE law and the
consistency of this approach with the provisions of Islamic
jurisprudence. This research paper answered two main questions:
First, the extent to which these guidelines are considered the
beginning of work on granting legal personality to AI systems in the
UAE. Second, what form of legal personality can be given to
autonomous robots in UAE law to be consistent with the provisions of
Islamic jurisprudence as a primary source of legislation in the
country? The research
concluded the impossibility of considering autonomous robots as a
"thing" and classifying them within the concept of
"persons." It also concluded that it is possible to give
them legal personality according to two legislative solutions:
granting them partial or incomplete performance eligibility like
minors.
Perspective.
https://ijrah.com/index.php/ijrah/article/view/284
Artificial
Intelligence and Mary Shelley's Frankenstein: A Comparative Analysis
of Creation, Morality and Responsibility
In
the ever-evolving landscape of technology, Artificial Intelligence
(AI) has emerged as a revolutionary force that continues to shape
various aspects of our lives. From transforming industries to
redefining how we interact with machines, AI's pervasive influence
has captured the collective imagination of modern society. However,
as we marvel at the wonders of AI's capabilities, it becomes crucial
to pause and reflect on the ethical and moral implications of
creating intelligent machines. Mary Shelley's magnum opus,
"Frankenstein," published nearly two centuries ago, remains
an enduring cautionary tale about the perils of unchecked ambition
and the consequences of playing god. The narrative of Victor
Frankenstein's relentless pursuit of creating life, only to be
haunted by the unforeseen horrors of his creation, has resonated
across generations. This tale of hubris, moral dilemmas, and the
intricate relationships between creator and creation continues to
transcend time, finding a striking resonance in contemporary
discussions on AI and its potential implications. The research
article endeavors to delve into the parallels between AI and
"Frankenstein," unraveling the profound ethical dilemmas
faced by AI developers, policymakers, and society at large. By
drawing upon the cautionary lessons embedded within Shelley's classic
tale, we aim to extract timeless wisdom that can guide us in the
responsible and humane development of AI technologies. While AI
holds the potential to revolutionize our lives positively, the dark
echoes of Victor Frankenstein's missteps serve as a stark reminder of
the need for ethical frameworks and interdisciplinary collaboration
to ensure that AI remains a powerful force for good.
Onea these days…
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